APT, ZYPPER

Deixe um comentário Ir para os comentários

*******************************************************************************
Usar/Configurar o APT e DPKG no Debian 4.0 (Etch) e zypper no OpenSuse
Criado por: Alessandro C. M. Kuramoto
Data: 15/08/2009
Modificado em: 09/12/2009-20:00
v.20091006-20:00
*******************************************************************************

8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?

http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-pkgtools.en.html

http://www.debianhelp.co.uk/findfile.htm

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Alteração Realizada:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

### Adicionado:
## Para ver o changelog:
aptitude changelog pacote

|+++++++++^ Alteração Realizada ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++|

###############################################################################
# Funções do Gerenciamento de Pacotes:
###############################################################################

### Atualizar Pacotes:
## Para atualizar um pacote:
## No apt-get o “install” instala ou atualiza um pacote:
apt-get install ntp

|#############################################################################|

###############################################################################
# Usando o apt-get/yum:
###############################################################################

## Para simular a instalação de um pacote:

apt-get install -s bind9=1:9.3.4-2etch4
apt-get install -s bind9=1:9.3.4-2etch5

## Para instalar uma determinada versão de pacote:
apt-get install ntp=1:4.2.2.p4+dfsg-2etch3

###############################################################################
# Usando o aptitude:
###############################################################################

## Para ver o changelog:
aptitude changelog pacote

###############################################################################
# Usando o apt-cache:
###############################################################################

## Para procurar um pacote:
apt-cache search ntp

## Para procurar informações de uma pacote:
apt-cache show ntp

## Para ver as informações (versão de um pacote)
apt-cache showpkg ntp

###############################################################################
# dpkg:
###############################################################################

Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Cfg-files/Unpacked/Failed-cfg/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Hold/Reinst-required/X=both-problems (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Description
+++-================================-================================================================================
ii acpi 0.09-1 displays information on ACPI devices

###############################################################################
# zypper:
###############################################################################

===============================================================================
zypper – Pesquisando por Pacotes
===============================================================================

|=============================================================================|

###############################################################################
# Configurando:
###############################################################################
===============================================================================
Adicionando Chaves GPG no APT:
===============================================================================

## Para adicionar chaves GPG para autenticar servidores seguros de repositórios:

## Como root, Faça um “apt-get update”. Isso fará com que o computador
## sincronize as bases de dados de acordo com o arquivo /etc/sources.
apt-get update

## Ele provavelmente retornará um erro buscando a chave:
W: GPG error: http://www.debian-multimedia.org
sid Release: The following signatures couldn’t
be verified because the public key is not available:
NO_PUBKEY 07DC563D1F41B907

## Faça o download da chave que está faltando:
gpg –keyserver subkeys.pgp.net –recv-keys 07DC563D1F41B907

## Depois de alguns instantes, o programa irá retornar uma mensagem avisando
## que fez o download com sucesso. Agora, importe-a para dentro do APT:
gpg –export –armor 07DC563D1F41B907 | sudo apt-key add -

## Se a chave estiver correta, ele responderá positivamente.

## Repita os passos acima para todos os servidores APT que estão em sua lista
## e possuem chave de encriptação

(Fonte: http://www.dicas-l.com.br/dicas-l/20060529.php)
|=============================================================================|

O apt-get salva uma cópia de todos os pacotes baixados, para uso posterior, dentro da pasta:
/var/cache/apt/archives/

A lista dos pacotes disponíveis (gerado ao executar o apt-get update) é salva dentro da pasta:
/var/lib/apt/lists/

Possíveis erros:

O Proxy está bloqueando o acesso:
Failed to fetch http://ftp.br.debian.org/debian/dists/stable/main/binary-i386/Packages.gz 403 Forbidden

###############################################################################
# Repositórios:
###############################################################################
===============================================================================
Debian:
===============================================================================

Debian Etch:
—————-

deb http://ftp.br.debian.org/debian/ etch main
# ou
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ etch main

Debian Lenny:
—————-
deb http://ftp.br.debian.org/debian/ lenny main
# ou
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ lenny main

deb http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main
|=============================================================================|

###############################################################################
# Configurando o apt-get com Proxy:
###############################################################################

## Altere o endereço IP 192.168.0.1 e porta 3128 às suas confgiruações
## correspondentes:
_______________________________________________________________________________
Arquivo: /etc/apt/apt.conf (Permissões: -rw-r–r– 1 root root)
Debian 4.0 Etch/Lenny
——————————————————————
Acquire{
HTTP::proxy “http://192.168.0.1:3128″;
FTP::proxy “http://192.168.0.1:3128″;
}
|—————————————————————————–|

ou
_______________________________________________________________________________
Arquivo: /etc/apt/apt.conf (Permissões: -rw-r–r– 1 root root)
Debian 4.0 Etch/Lenny
——————————————————————
Acquire::http::Proxy “http://192.168.0.1:3128″;
Acquire::ftp::Proxy “http://192.168.0.1:3128″;
+—————————————————————————–|

###############################################################################
# Troubleshooting
###############################################################################
——————————————————————————-
## Erros conhecidos:
## Sintoma:

Caso receba uma mensagem de erro do tipo:

Inglês:
W: There is no public key available for the following key IDs:
4D270D06F42584E6
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems

Português:

## Causa:

O apt não possui o banco (porta-chaves) com as chaves públicas do
Debian para assinar os pacotes. Normalmente se econtram em
/etc/apt/secring.gpg e /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.
Por algum motivo esses dois bancos estavam corrompidos.

## Solução:

Para corrigir o problema é necessario instalar dois pacotes:

debian-keyring
(contém, dentre outras coisas, as chaves publicas dos colaboradores); e

debian-archive-keyring (contem as chaves publicas do Debian).

apt-get install debian-keyring debian-archive-keyring

apt-get update ou apt-get install

Caso continue recebendo uma mensagem semelhante a:

W: GPG error: ftp://ftp.nerim.net etch Release: The following
signatures couldn’t be verified because the public key is not available:
NO_PUBKEY 08GC463D1F41D098

Veja a solução abaixo. Ou veja: Adicionando Chaves GPG no APT:

(Fonte: http://www.techiecorner.com/637/debian-there-is-no-public-key-available-for-the-following-key-ids/)
——————————————————————————-
——————————————————————————-
## Erros conhecidos:
## Sintoma:

Caso receba uma mensagem de erro do tipo:

W: GPG error: ftp://ftp.nerim.net etch Release: The following
signatures couldn’t be verified because the public key is not available:
NO_PUBKEY 08GC463D1F41D098

## Causa:

Falta chaves GPG no APT

## Solução:

Veja a seção: “Adicionando Chaves GPG no APT” acima.

(Fonte: http://www.dicas-l.com.br/dicas-l/20060529.php)
——————————————————————————-
## Erros conhecidos:
## Sintoma:

Ao tentar atualizar a lista de pacotes no meu debian (apt-get update),
obitive o seguinte erro:

Reading package lists… Error!
E: Dynamic MMap ran out of room
E: Error occurred while processing webcam (NewVersion1)
E: Problem with MergeList /var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.br.debian.org_debian_dists_stable_main_binary-i386_Packages
E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened.

## Causa:

Como se pode ver, durante a leitura do arquivo /var/lib/dpkg/status
(onde estao as informacoes sobre os pacotes no meu sistema), ele para e
reclama de falta de memoria, ou coisa parecida (Dynamic MMap ran out of room).

## Solução:

Para corrigir esse problema, altere o arquivo /etc/apt/apt.conf:

——————————
APT::Cache-Limit “15000000″;
——————————

Execute:

apt-get update

Obs.: Caso o erro persista, aumente o limite do cache

(Fonte: http://osdir.com/ml/culture.publications.dicas/2006-08/msg00020.html)
——————————————————————————-
——————————————————————————-
## Erros conhecidos:
## Sintoma:

Caso receba uma mensagem de erro do tipo:

apt-get update
….
segmentation faultsts

## Causa:

Algum bug….

## Solução:

Para corrigir o problema foi necessário deixar somente uma linha no
arquivo de repositórios: /etc/apt/sources.list

——————————————————————————-

Referências:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGet/Howto

http://www.guiadohardware.net/tutoriais/tutorial-completo-apt-get/

Ver:
——————————————————————————-
cache-03:/var/log/squid# gpg –keyserver subkeys.pgp.net –recv-keys “9AA38DCD55BE302B”
gpg: requesting key 55BE302B from hkp server subkeys.pgp.netecv-keys 9AA38DCD55BE

gpg: Interrupt caught … exiting